The Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) is South Africa’s largest federation of trade unions, with a rich history deeply intertwined with the country’s struggle for liberation and social justice. Established in 1985, COSATU has played a pivotal role in the fight against apartheid and the promotion of workers’ rights.
Background and Formation
Before COSATU’s formation, South Africa had a fragmented labor movement with various unions operating independently. The 1973 Durban strikes marked a resurgence of trade unionism in the country, leading to the establishment of independent black trade unions. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, there was growing recognition of the need for a unified labor federation to strengthen workers’ bargaining power and contribute to the broader struggle against apartheid.
On December 1, 1985, COSATU was officially formed in Durban, uniting more than 30 trade unions and representing about 450,000 workers. The federation adopted a militant stance against apartheid, economic exploitation, and the oppression of workers.
Key Objectives
- Fight against apartheid and institutionalized racism.
- Improve wages, working conditions, and job security for workers.
- Promote the rights of all South Africans, emphasizing economic and social justice.
- Build international solidarity with other progressive labor movements.
Role in the Anti-Apartheid Struggle
During the 1980s and early 1990s, COSATU was a major player in the liberation movement, aligning closely with the African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Communist Party (SACP). This alliance, known as the Tripartite Alliance, continues to influence South African politics today.
COSATU organized mass protests, strikes, and campaigns against apartheid policies, such as:
- The Defiance Campaigns against unjust labor laws.
- The call for international sanctions against South Africa.
- Mobilizing workers in campaigns like the 1989 Living Wage Campaign.
Its slogan, “An injury to one is an injury to all,” symbolized COSATU’s commitment to collective action and solidarity.
Post-Apartheid Contributions
After the end of apartheid in 1994, COSATU shifted its focus to ensuring the ANC government implemented policies that advanced workers’ rights and improved living standards. The federation has been instrumental in advocating for:
- The introduction of the Labour Relations Act (1995), which enhanced workers’ protections.
- The establishment of a minimum wage.
- Policies addressing unemployment, poverty, and inequality.
Legacy
Despite challenges, COSATU remains a significant force in South African society. It continues to advocate for workers’ rights, social justice, and economic transformation. Its legacy as a driving force in the struggle for democracy and labour rights is firmly entrenched in South Africa’s history.
